Highway Boondoggles 7

Executive summary

The bipartisan $1.2 trillion infrastructure deal signed into law in November 2021 has provided a previously near-unimaginable opportunity to invest in transportation in America. With more than half the funding made available under the new law going toward reauthorizing the surface transportation program, states now face a choice: spend this money to address dire needs with our transportation system, or squander it on wasteful boondoggle projects. The federal dollars made available through the infrastructure deal could be spent on fixing our aging roads, making our streets safer, and making it easier to travel on transit, by bike or on foot, giving Americans real, viable options for getting around without having to drive.

Alternatively, they could be spent on building and expanding highways.

Every year, tens of thousands of people are killed or injured on America’s roads, and millions more suffer serious health issues as a result of traffic-related air pollution. Tens of millions of Americans lack access to quality public transit or safe places to walk or cycle, leaving them fully dependent on cars, or for those who cannot afford a car or who are physically unable to drive entirely shut off from critical services and opportunities.

And yet, across the country, state and local governments continue to move forward with tens of billions of dollars’ worth of new and expanded highways that do little to address today’s real transportation challenges, while diverting funding from much-needed infrastructure repairs. Highway Boondoggles 7 finds seven highway construction and expansion projects slated to cost a total of more than $22 billion that will harm communities and the environment, while likely failing to achieve the goals they set out to achieve.

Highway expansion harms our health and the environment, doesn’t solve congestion, and creates a lasting financial burden.

• Expanding a highway sets off a chain reaction of societal decisions that ultimately leads to the highway becoming congested again – often in only a short time. Since 1980, the U.S. has added nearly 870,000 lane-miles of highway – paving more than 1,648 square miles, an area larger than the state of Rhode Island – and yet, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, congestion on America’s roads was worse than it was in the early 1980s.
• In 2016, the last year for which detailed data is available, federal, state and local governments spent a total of $27.6 billion expanding the highway system – including new roads and bridges and widening of existing highways – sucking money away from road repair, transit and other local needs.
• Highway expansion fuels additional driving that contributes to climate change. Transportation is the nation’s number one source of global warming pollution.
• Pollution from transportation causes tens of thousands of deaths in the U.S. each year and makes us more vulnerable to a range of health problems, including asthma, impaired lung function, coronary heart disease and strokes.
• Highway expansion can cause irreparable harm to communities – forcing the relocation of homes and businesses, widening “dead zones” alongside highways, severing street connections for pedestrians and cars, reducing cities’ base of taxable property and overall community value, and stripping communities of their economic vitality.6 In places where cars are the sole mobility option, many who cannot or choose not to drive – including seniors, children and people with disabilities – are robbed of the opportunity to thrive and engage fully in their community.
• Building new roads diverts billions of taxpayer dollars from repairing existing ones. Across the country, 173,000 miles of road are classed as being in “poor” condition, more than a third of bridges are in need of major repairs or replacement, and 7% of bridges are considered “structurally deficient.”

States continue to spend billions of dollars on new or expanded highways that fail to address real problems with our transportation system and will create new problems for our communities and the environment.

Questionable projects poised to absorb millions of transportation dollars include:

• Montgomery County M-83 highway, Maryland; $1.3 billion: a proposed highway planned since the 1960s continues to pose a direct threat to 25 residential neighborhoods, 100 acres of public forest, 14 wetlands, six streams, natural floodplains and 60+ acres of agricultural reserve.
• New Jersey Turnpike and Garden State Parkway widening projects, New Jersey; $16 billion+: 14 expansion projects on the New Jersey Turnpike and the Garden State Parkway planned under a statewide $24 billion capital program would see the addition of hundreds of miles of new lanes to two of the busiest roads in the country, under-mining New Jersey’s emissions reduction goals.
• Brent Spence Bridge, Ohio and Kentucky; $2.8 billion: Federal infrastructure dollars could soon enable the construction of a new ten-lane, double deck bridge across the Ohio River that threatens to exacerbate congestion at one of the country’s worst traffic bottlenecks.
• Erie Bayfront Parkway, Pennsylvania; $66 million to $100 million: A redesign of an already controversial highway would attract more traffic to Erie’s developing bayfront while failing to meet community demands for better pedestrian access to the area from the city’s downtown and neighborhoods.
• I-35 reconstruction, Minnesota; $510 million+: The multi-million dollar rebuild of the Twin Ports Interchange is the opening salvo in a series of major highway projects in downtown Duluth that looks set to suck up millions of taxpayer dollars on a road that local residents are campaigning to have removed altogether.
• Martinsville Southern Connector, Virginia; $750 million: A proposed eight-mile bypass in southwestern Virginia would damage hundreds of acres of forest, wetlands and farmland and force 21 families to relocate, while providing few benefits to an area whose population has been shrinking for decades.
• I-205 widening, Oregon; $900 million+:The addition of extra lanes on I-205 as part of a larger expansion project that has already experienced massive cost overruns threatens the long-term financial security of the region’s transportation system and runs directly counter to thestate’s  adopted climate goals.

The bipartisan infrastructure deal signed into law in November 2021, which sets the course of federal transportation policy and funding through 2026, almost doubles the funding provided by the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (FAST Act) that it replaces, providing an historic opportunity to address long-standing problems with America’s transportation system

The Biden administration has made clear its preferences that transportation funding made available through the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) should be prioritized for repair, rehabilitation and maintenance of existing infrastructure and investment in “non-motorized modes and transit options that increase safety, accessibility, and/or connectivity” rather than highway construction and expansion.

States now have to choose whether or not to follow that guidance. With more funding available than ever before to spend on addressing the real priorities of 21st century transportation, federal, state and local governments should stop or downsize unnecessary or low-priority highway projects. Specifically, policymakers should:

• Invest in transportation solutions that reduce our dependence on automobile travel. Investments in public transportation, cycling and pedestrian infrastructure, transport demand management and other measures can often address congestion more cheaply and effectively than highway expansion. As well as improving our health and environment today, by reducing our reliance on fossil fuels they also act as an insurance policy against future oil price fluctuations.
• Adopt fix-it-first policies that reorient transportation funding away from highway expansion and toward repair of existing roads and investment in other transportation options.
• Use the latest transportation data and require full cost-benefit comparisons, including future maintenance needs, as well as socioeconomic benefits and impacts, to evaluate all proposed new and expanded highways. This includes projects proposed as public-private partnerships.
• Give priority funding to transportation projects that reduce growth in vehicle-miles traveled, to account for the public health, environmental and climate benefits resulting from reduced driving.
• Invest in research and data collection to better track and react to ongoing shifts in how people travel.